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Rev. CEFAC ; 23(4): e0721, 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1287881

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze the profile and risk factors of patients attended by speech therapists in a hospital service of physical and rehabilitation medicine (P&RM) of the public health system. Methods: a retrospective cohort study was carried out. The variables were summarized using frequencies, proportions, and measures of central tendency. Relative risks (RR) were estimated, using the incidence ratio (IC:95%) and the bilateral Fisher's exact test. A level of significance was considered p <0.05. Results: 23,365 speech therapy activities distributed in 8,416 sessions were carried out between September 2016 to September 2018, with patients admitted to a P&RM service. The activities focused people over 60 years in the areas of swallowing (28.6%) and cognition (11.7%). Age equal to or greater than 60 years was identified as a risk factor for admission, due to cerebrovascular disease of 1.36 (95% CI: 1.24-1.49; p = 0.001), and belonging to section B of the National Health Fund (FONASA), 1.37 (95% CI: 1.29-1.46, p = 0.001). The RR for respiratory pathology was greater in the winter period: 1.63 (95% CI: 1.50-1.76; p = 0.001). Conclusion: elderly and low-income people are more likely to need speech therapy rehabilitation in the context of P&RM service.


RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar el perfil y factores de riesgo de usuarios atendidos por fonoaudiólogos en un servicio hospitalario de medicina física y rehabilitación (SMFyR) de la red pública de salud. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de cohortes retrospectivo. Las variables fueron resumidas mediante frecuencias, proporciones y medidas de tendencia central. Los riesgos relativos (RR) se estimaron mediante razón de incidencias (IC:95%) y la prueba exacta de Fisher bilateral. Se consideró un nivel de significancia p<0,05. Resultados: 23.365 prestaciones fonoaudiológicas distribuidas en 8416 sesiones se realizaron entre los meses de septiembre de los años 2016 y 2018, en un SMFyR. Las prestaciones se concentraron en personas mayores de 60 años en las áreas de la deglución (28,6%) y cognición (11,7%). Se identificó como factor de riesgo para ingreso por enfermedad cerebrovascular la edad igual o superior a 60 años 1,36 (IC., 95%: 1,24-1,49; p = 0,001) y pertenecer al tramo B del fondo nacional de salud 1,37 (IC., 95%: 1,29-1,46; p =0,001). El RR por patología respiratoria fue mayor en el periodo invernal 1.63 (IC., 95%: 1,50-1,76; p= 0,001). Conclusión: las personas mayores y de bajos ingresos presentan mayor riesgo de requerir rehabilitación fonoaudiológica en el contexto de un SMFyR.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Speech Disorders/therapy , Speech Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Seasons , Socioeconomic Factors , Incidence , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors
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